يونس لقطارني – أروى بريس
سلط الزلزال المدمر الذي ضرب منطقة الاطلس الكبير فى المغرب ليلة الجمعة والذي خلف خسائر بشرية ومادية فادحة، الضوء مرة أخرى على مشكلتين عويصتين من المشاكل المستمرة و المعقدة في البلاد: التفاوت في التنمية بين المناطق الريفية والحضرية، والخنق المتأصل في عملية صنع القرار السياسي للاحزاب السياسية .
كما سلط الضوء على الواقع المعيشي المرير لسكان المغرب العميق أو ما يعرف بـ”المغرب المنسي” خلف جبال الاطلس الكبير ”حياة بدائية أشبه بحياة سكان أهل الكهف” تتحوّل إلى مأساة حقيقية، خاصة عند تساقط الأمطار والثلوج في ظل العزلة التي تفرضها الطبيعة القاسية للمنطقة.
المشاهد والصور صادمة لما يعرف بـ”المغرب المنسي، حيث ”البأس يستوطن وجوه من يسكنون في هذه المناطق” في ظل انعدام أبسط الخدمات الضرورية ”فلا مجال للتعليم الجيد ولا للخدمات الطبية ولا للطرقات ولا للمواصلات ولا للمرافق..”.
على ما يبدو أن هذه المناطق، التي أطلق عليها الاستعمار الفرنسي عام 1912 اسم ”المغرب غير النافع” لانعدام الثروات فيها، مازال سكانها يعانون الأمرين والتهميش ولم تفعل الحكومات المتعاقبة شيئا على مدار ستة عقود كاملة لترويض الطبيعة القاسية بهذه المناطق وتوفير أدنى الضروريات.
على مشارف مراكش الحمراء، الوجه السياحي للمغرب لكثير من بقية العالم، تعاني قطاعات كبيرة من السكان من الفقر المدقع كما كانت منذ عقود.
يرجع قرار عدم إعطاء الأولوية للمناطق الفقيرة والمحرومة من الخدمات إلى خيار سياسي استمر لعقود. اختارت الحكومة المغربية، سواء كانت صحيحة أو خاطئة، تخصيص معظم مواردها للمناطق والمجتمعات التي كانت تعتبر الأكثر ربحية من الناحية الاقتصادية، أي المناطق الساحلية ذات الكثافة السكانية الكبيرة. لذلك، ركز تطوير البنية التحتية على ربط العقد عالية الإنتاج بالمناطق التي تسهل الوصول إلى النقل البحري والعبور، مما يسمح بتكامل أكبر للصناعة المغربية مع سلاسل القيمة العالمية أو الإقليمية.
الاطلس الكبير هو عالم بعيد عن هده الاستراتيجية الاقتصادية وفي حين يدرك القادة السياسيين الازدواجية المستمرة التي جلبتها السياسة في البلاد، فإن الجهود الحقيقية لمعالجة التصدعات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية قد تأخرت أو لم تنفذ. أحد العناصر التي ساهمت في عدم إعطاء الأولوية لبعض المجالات هو عدم وجود ضغط سياسي قوي.
افتقرت منطقة الحوز إلى الاحتجاجات المستمرة أو الدعوة السياسية الأقوى لجذب أنظار الحكومة المغربية وتركيز موارد الدولة وخدماتها. وهذا يفسر جزئيا التأثير غير المتناسب للزلزال القوي غير المعتاد الذي وقع في نهاية الأسبوع الماضي. كما يسلط الضوء على التحديات التي تواجه عمليات الإنقاذ الحالية، والتي يجب أن تتغلب على بعد المنطقة والافتقار إلى الاتصال والبنية التحتية الفعالة.
وجه آخر للمغرب المنسي لا يعرف الكثيرون شيئا عن معاناة سكان مداشره وقراه التي تعيش على هامش الهامش”.
ومع ذلك ، فإن كل أزمة تحتوي على بصيص من الإمكانات. ويمكن للمغرب أن يعيد البناء. وحتى في أصغر القرى، فإن درجة الدعم والتضامن المجتمعي التي يظهرها حاليا السكان المحليون والمجتمع المدني والشتات المغربي والشركاء الدوليون والإقليميون يمكن أن تكون أساسية لإعادة بناء مجتمع ريفي أقوى وأفضل خدمة.
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