ووفق معطيات متوفرة من مصادر مسؤولة، فإنه يتم التحضير لعقد الاجتماع الـ44 لهذه اللجنة في المغرب، وفق مبدأ التناوب بين البلدين.
ويأتي التحضير للاجتماع بعد تشكيل الحكومة الإسبانية الجديدة، لأن آخر اجتماع للجنة كان في أبريل الماضي وكان مُعلنا أنه سيتم عقد اجتماع آخر لها في يونيو الماضي إلا أنه تم عقد لقاء ثنائي بين وزير التجهيز والماء نزار بركة ونظيرته الإسبانية تمحور حول بحث تطوير العلاقات الثنائية في مجالي التجهيز والنقل. كما أن الإعلان عن تنظيم البلدين لمونديال 2030، رفقة البرتغال، زاد من ضرورة التسريع بكل الدراسات المتعلقة بالمشروع.
وأكد المصدر نفسه أن الاجتماع سيأتي ببرنامج عمل جديد لتشتغل عليه الشركة الوطنية لدراسات مضيق جبل طارق (SNED) والشركة الإسبانية SECEGSA اللتين تنجزان كل الدراسات المرتبطة بالمشروع.
وتابع المصدر أن الأشغال من الجانب المغربي مستمرة بالوتيرة المتفق عليها، من حيث الدراسات التقنية والجيولوجية وكذا الاستطلاعات والاستكشافات التي تجرى من الجانبين.
وعقدت اللجنة اجتماعا في أبريل من السنة الماضية، ترأسه وزير التجهيز والماء نزار بركة ونظيرته الإسبانية، وحضرها مسؤولون من البلدين وأطر من الشركتين المذكورتين.
وجاء انعقاد هذه الدورة الـ43 بعد مرور أزيد من 14 سنة على الدورة 42 التي احتضنتها طنجة، ومن المرتقب أن يعود المغرب لاحتضان الدورة 43.
وتم إنشاء اللجنة المشتركة للربط الثابت عبر مضيق جبل طارق بموجب اتفاقيات التعاون الموقعة بين المغرب وإسبانيا تواليا في 24 أكتوبر 1980 و27 شتنبر 1989.
دراسات ميدانية مستمرة
بدأت دراسات الربط القار عبر مضيق جبل طارق بصفة مشتركة بين المغرب وإسبانيا منذ لقاء المغفور له الملك الحسن الثاني وملك إسبانيا السابق خوان كارلوس سنة 1979، ليتم إنشاء لجنة مشتركة وإحداث شركتين متخصصتين حصريا للدراسات اللازمة للمشروع.
ووقع البلدان اتفاقية للتعاون التكميلي سنة 1980، وأخرى سنة 1989، ونشرت الاتفاقيتان بموجب ظهير شريف سنة 2011.
وتم إنشاء لجنة حكومية مختلطة تتألف من أعضاء من البلدين بالتساوي، تجتمع بصفة دورية لتُشرف على برنامج عمل شركتي الدراسات SNED وSECESGA. ويتم تقسيم العمل بين الشركتين وفق مبدأ موازنة الأعباء المالية بين البلدين. وهذه اللجنة المختلطة هي التي تملك القرار السيادي، باعتبارها صاحبة المشروع.
وفق الأرقام والإحصائيات التي كانت شركة SNED وفرتها لـSNRTnews، تم في السنوات الأخيرة إجراء بحث إضافي لتحديد خصائص التكوينات الجيولوجية للأرض، إضافة إلى مسح بري واختبارات جيوتقنية في ثلاثة مواقع تجريبية (حفر بئر في بولونيا وطريفة بإسبانيا) ومجموعة من الآبار في مالاباتا بالقرب من طنجة.
وأظهرت الدراسات أن أقصر مسافة بين القارتين تبلغ حوالي 14 كيلومترا، ولكن تبين أنها أيضا أعمق طريق، حيث يصل عمقها في بعض الأماكن إلى 900 متر.
وتتركز التضاريس العريضة والعميقة بين بونتا بالوما على الساحل الإسباني ورأس مالاباتا على الساحل المغربي، ويمتد هذا الطريق على مسافة 28 كلم بعمق يصل إلى 300 متر.
وأظهرت معطيات الشركة أنه تم لحد الآن تنفيذ 44 حملة أوقيانوغرافية باستخدام أحدث التقنيات، وأزيد من 10.000 كيلومتر من الملامح الجيوفيزيائية باستخدام الانعكاس الزلزالي، وما يزيد عن 5000 كيلومتر من المسح الجانبي بالسونار (المسح تحت الماء)، وحوالي 2000 عينة مأخوذة من قاع البحر، وحفر 50 بئرا بمجموع عمق بلغ 3000 متر، لجميع الثقوب التجريبية.
ويحظى المشروع، كما تؤكد الشركة، باهتمام منظمات دولية متعددة الأطراف، كالمفوضية الأوروبية، وإدارة عملية برشلونة (Processus de Barcelone) والشراكة الأورومتوسطية، ومركز دراسات النقل لغرب البحر الأبيض المتوسط واتحاد المغرب العربي.
وأكدت الشركة أن الأبحاث التي تمت، مكنت من التعرف على صعوبات تنفيذ المشروع من الناحية الجيولوجية والأوقيانوغرافية (علم المحيطات) والزلزالية والأرصاد الجوية، إذ يتميز مضيق جبل طارق بقياسات أعماق معاكسة وبيئات بحرية وجوية وجيولوجية معقدة مكونة من مواد منظمة على شكل طبقات مختلفة متراكبة ومضغوطة تحت تأثير التكتونيات القوية الموجودة في المضيق، الذي يعد نقطة التقاء الغلاف الصخري للصفائح الأوروبية الآسيوية والإفريقية وصفيحة البوران الفرعية.
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